Thursday, January 2, 2020
Profile of Serial Killer Rodney Alcala
Rodney Alcala is a convicted rapist, torturer, and serial killer who evaded justice for 40 years. Dubbed the Dating Game Killer Alcala was once a contestant on the show, The Dating Game, where he won a date with another contestant. However, the date never happened because the woman found him to be too creepy. Alcalas Childhood Years Rodney Alcala was born on August 23, 1943, in San Antonio, Texas to Raoul Alcala Buquor and Anna Maria Gutierrez. His father left, leaving Anna Maria to raise Alcala and his sisters alone. At around the age of 12, Anna Maria moved the family to Los Angeles. At the age of 17, Alcala joined the Army and remained there until 1964 when he received a medical discharge after being diagnosed with a severe anti-social personality. Alcala, now out of the Army, enrolled in UCLA School of Fine Arts where is earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1968. This is the same year that he kidnapped, raped, beat, and tried to kill his first known victim. Tali Shapiro Tali Shapiro was an 8-year-old on her way to school when she was lured into Alcalas car, an act that did not go unnoticed by a nearby motorist who followed the two and contacted police. Alcala took Tali into his apartment where he raped, beat, and attempted to strangle her with a 10-pound metal bar. When police arrived, they kicked in the door and found Tali laying on the kitchen floor in a large puddle of blood and not breathing. Because of the brutality of the beating, they thought she was dead and begin to search for Alcala in the apartment. A police officer, returning to the kitchen, saw Tali struggling to breathe. All attention went to trying to keep her alive, and at some point, Alcala managed to slip out the back door. When searching Alcalas apartment, the police found several pictures, many of young girls. They also found out his name and that he had attended UCLA. But it took several months before they would find Alcala. On the Run but Not Hiding Alcala, now using the name John Berger, fled to New York and enrolled in NYU film school. From 1968 to 1971, even though he was listed on the FBIs most wanted list, he lived undetected and in full view. Playing the role of a groovy film student, amateur photographer, single hot shot, Alcala moved around New Yorks single clubs. During the summer months, he worked at an all girls summer drama camp in New Hampshire. In 1971, two girls attending the camp recognized Alcala on a wanted poster at the post office. The police were notified, and Alcala was arrested. Indeterminate Sentencing In August 1971, Alcala was returned to Los Angeles, but the prosecutors case had a major flaw - Tali Shapiros family had returned to Mexico soon after Tali recovered from the attack. Without their main witness, the decision was made to offer Alcala a plea deal. Alcala, charged with rape, kidnapping, assault, and attempted murder, accepted a deal to plead guilty to child molestation. The other charges were dropped. He was sentenced to one year to life and was paroled after 34 months under the indeterminate sentencing program. The program allowed a parole board, not a judge, to decide on when offenders could be released based on if they appeared rehabilitated. With Alcalas ability to charm, he was back out on the streets in less than three years. Within eight weeks he returned to prison for violating his parole for providing marijuana to a 13-year-old girl. She told police that Alcala kidnapped her, but he was not charged. Alcala spent another two years behind bars and was released in 1977, again under the indeterminate sentencing program. He returned to Los Angeles and got a job as a typesetter for the Los Angeles Times. More Victims It did not take long for Alcala to get back into his murderous rampage. The Murder of Jill Barcomb, Los Angeles County In November 1977, Alcala raped, sodomized, and murdered 18-year-old Jill Barcomb, a New York native who had recently moved to California. Alcala used a large rock to smash in her face and strangle her to death by tying her belt and pant leg around her neck.Alcala then left her body in a mountainous area in the foothills near Hollywood, where she was discovered Nov. 10, 1977, posed on her knees with her face in the dirt.Murder of Georgia Wixted, Los Angeles County In December 1977, Alcala raped, sodomized, and murdered 27-year-old nurse Georgia Wixted. Alcala used a hammer to sexually abuse Georgia, then used the claw end of the hammer to beat and smash in her head. He strangled her to death using a nylon stocking and left her body posed in her Malibu apartment. Her body was discovered Dec. 16, 1977.Murder of Charlotte Lamb, Los Angeles County In June 1979, Alcala raped, beat, and murdered 33-year-old legal secretary Charlotte Lamb. Alcal a strangled Charlotte to death using a shoelace from her shoe and left her body posed in a laundry room of an El Segundo apartment complex where it was discovered on June 24, 1979.Murder of Jill Parenteau, Los Angeles County In June 1979, Alcala raped and murdered 21-year-old Jill Parenteau in her Burbank apartment. He strangled Jill to death using a cord or nylon. Alcalas blood was collected from the scene after he cut himself crawling through a window. Based on a semi-rare blood match, Alcala was linked to the murder. He was charged with murdering Parenteau, but the case was later dismissed.Murder of Robin Samsoe, Orange County On June 20, 1979, Alcala approached 12-year-old Robin Samsoe and her friend Bridget Wilvert at Huntington Beach and asked them to pose for pictures. After posing for a series of photographs, a neighbor intervened and asked if everything was alright and Samsoe took off. Later Robin got on a bike and headed to an afternoon dance class. Alcala kidnapped and mu rdered Samsoe and dumped her body near the Sierra Madre in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. Her body was scavenged by animals, and her skeletal remains were discovered on July 2, 1979. Her front teeth had been knocked out by Alcala. Arrested After the Samsoe murder, Alcala rented a storage locker in Seattle, where police found hundreds of photos of young women and girls and a bag of personal items that they suspected belonged to Alcalas victims. A pair of earrings found in the bag were identified by Samsoes mother as being a pair she owned. Alcala was also identified by several people as the photographer from the beach on the day Samsoe was kidnapped. Following an investigation, Alcala was charged, tried, and convicted for Samsoes murder in 1980. He was sentenced to receive the death penalty. The conviction was later overturned by the California Supreme Court. Alcala was again tried and convicted of the murder of Samsoe in 1986 and was again sentenced to the death penalty. The second conviction was overturned by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. Three Times a Charm While awaiting his third trial for the murder of Samsoe, DNA collected from the murder scenes of Barcomb, Wixted, and Lamb was linked to Alcala. He was charged with the four Los Angeles murders, including Parenteau. At the third trial, Alcala represented himself as his defense attorney and argued that he was at Knotts Berry Farm on the afternoon that Samsoe was murdered. Alcala did not contest the charges that he committed the murders of the four Los Angeles victims but rather focused on the Samsoe charges. At one point he took the stand and questioned himself in third-person, changing his tone depending on if he was acting as his lawyer or as himself. On Feb. 25, 2010, the jury found Alcala guilty of all five counts of capital murder, one count of kidnapping and four counts of rape. During the penalty phase, Alcala attempted to sway the jury away from the death penalty by playing the song Alices Restaurant by Arlo Guthrie, which includes the lyrics, I mean, I wanna, I wanna kill. Kill. I wanna, I wanna see, I wanna see blood and gore and guts and veins in my teeth. Eat dead burnt bodies. I mean kill, Kill, KILL, KILL. His strategy did not work, and the jury quickly recommended the death penalty to which the judge agreed. More Victims? Immediately after Alcalas conviction, the Huntington Police released 120 of Alcalas photos to the public. Suspecting that Alcala had more victims, the police asked for the publics help in identifying the women and children in the photos. Since then several of the unknown faces have been identified. New York Murders Two murder cases in New York have also been linked through DNA to Alcala. TWA flight attendant Cornelia Michael Crilley, was murdered in 1971 while Alcala was enrolled at NYU. Ciros Nightclub heiress Ellen Jane Hover was murdered in 1977 during the time that Alcala had received permission from his parole officer to go to New York to visit family. Currently, Alcala is on death row at San Quentin State Prison. Sources Orange County District Attorney48 Hours Mystery: Rodney Alcalas Killing Game
Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Single Parent Families Vs. Two Parent Homes - 3398 Words
Alberta Merriweather September 5, 2014 CRJS 490 Single parent homes vs. two parent homes to The increase of Juvenile delinquency It is not uncommon for a child in todayââ¬â¢s society to be raised in a single-parent household Compared to peers in intact families, adolescents in single-parent families and stepfamilies seem more likely to engage in delinquency as I research. This relationship appears to be operating through differences in family processes parental involvement, supervision, monitoring, and parent child closenessââ¬âbetween intact and non-intact families and peers living in traditional intact families (two married-biological parents), youths living in two-biological-parent blended families, two biological- parent cohabiting families, biological mother- stepfather families, biological-mother cohabiting partner families, biological-mother only families, biological father-cohabiting partner families, biological-father-only families, grandparent only families, and foster families engaged, on average, in higher levels of antisocial behavior. These practices are contemplated by (Parke, 2003)youth s sexual orientation, race, age, private status and family environment that are extending from fleeing from home, being suspended from school, substance misuse to carrying out minor property wrongdoing, taking part in vicious conduct, and getting to be captured. Single parent families are more prone to participate in reprobate acts including genuine property wrongdoingsShow MoreRelatedSingle Parent vs. Two Parent1229 Words à |à 5 PagesSingle Parent Home vs. Two Parent Home Kendria Threatt COM 170/ Elements of University Composition and Communication I December 7, 2011 Monique Derr Single Parent Home vs. Two Parent Home How do you feel about raising children in a single parent home or in a home where both parents are present? It is very shocking to know that most people do not think about these situations before starting a family. In todayââ¬â¢sRead MoreEssay on Family Analysis Project951 Words à |à 4 PagesFamily Analysis Project Introduction I selected the family of A.G which is based on personal acquaintance for this project. I will complete a comprehensive analysis using the criteria that I will be describing in details in the proceeding paragraphs. These criteria includes description of the nuclear family form, sociocultural data, genogram and Ecomap, environment, communication, power structure, role structure, values, spiritual activities, socialization, adaptation and healthcare. OnceRead MoreFamily Stability within the Hispanic Culture Janiece Cantu Our Lady of the Lake1000 Words à |à 4 Pages Family Stability within the Hispanic Culture Janiece Cantu Our Lady of the Lake University For over centuries, the term family has been specifically used to mean a group of people that consist of two parents and their children. The word is originally from the Latin word Familia, which means household or family. Although this word is known all over the world, it can have a different context to each person. In the United States alone, family can be referred to two adults andRead MoreDivorce983 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe child in several ways. If the parents were being abusive to one another and/or to the children involved prior to the divorce chances are the divorce will result in less fighting/arguing among the parents which in return would result in a better environment for the child. In some cases if a parent is abusing alcohol or drugs and it leads to the divorce, removing the child from that type of environment will ultimately help the child. In some cases the parents eventually remarry and those marriagesRead MoreFamily Is The Best Thing That Can Be Emotionally Stab le And Successful Essay1590 Words à |à 7 PagesHaving a family is everything anyone could ask for whether itââ¬â¢s having both parents or just one. Children growing up with only one parent have always been looked to as different, but today there are more cases of kids with one parent then two. According to Kids Health ââ¬Å"More than 20 million kids in the United States live with one parentâ⬠(Living with a Single Parent). Not all children that are raised by one parent houses have emotional or behavioral problems. Children with one parent have grown upRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution : An Dominant Mode For The Family Essay1001 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe most profound influences of the family and the workplace. ââ¬Å"The changes occurred when machines and factories, rather than human labor, became the dominant mode for the production of goods .â⬠At one time the family unit worked together in or around the home to provide for the family, but after the Revolution th ere was a need for both the men and women to leave the home in order to provide for the family. The Industrial Revolution influenced the roles of the family dynamics and consequently forcedRead MoreThe Concepts Of Nature Vs Nurture1273 Words à |à 6 Pages The concepts of Nature vs Nurture, are major concepts in social science. Nature is the hereditary pattern of physical features in a human being s development. These features include, but are not limited to, our personality, usual and unusual appearances and the general measurements of how humans hold the attributes of being sociable, hostile behavior, their emotions, and the usage of alcohol and drugs. On the other hand Nurture is slightly different. Nurture is the influence of the environmentRead MoreThe Loss Of A Father1345 Words à |à 6 Pagesresults from previous studies focusing on the loss of a father could not be generalized to children who grew up in households without a father from birth. This is where lesbian mothers and single mothers come into their research, because these families did not necessarily have an absentee father due to family disruption or realignment. For example, lesbians have used assisted conception and/or adoption. In earlier times, lesbian mothers w erenââ¬â¢t always allowed these options. Many often lost theirRead MoreCultural Evaluation Of A Single Parent Family1096 Words à |à 5 Pages11,2015 One Parent Isnââ¬â¢t Enough Growing up in a single-parent family had to be the hardest thing I ever had to do, but also the strongest thing I had to do because it made me the person I am today. My mom was a drug addict and my father wasnââ¬â¢t around, therefore my mom lost custody of me to my aunt when I was an infant. However, my aunt was a single-parent as well, and she already had two children of her own. She raised us all on her own, paid every bill on time, worked two jobs, and faultRead MoreThe Role Of Family Structure And Youth Essay1678 Words à |à 7 Pagesstarts within the home. Not all families are nuclear families consisting of a mother and father. Some families are single parent families where there is only one parent or even extended families, meaning daughters, sons, grandparents, uncles, aunts, and so on. Families go through many trials and tribulations. Some events can be tremendously disruptive for everyone within that family or household. According to Kierkus and Hewitt (2009)ââ¬Å"Children raised in traditional, two-parent families experience a
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
The crying game Essay - 2166 Words
à ¡Ã §Texts both inform us of the social identities available to us, and problematize them; both police our social selves and subvert them.à ¡Ã ¨ Both texts, The Crying Game by Neil Jordan and Loaded by Christos Tsiolkas, use characters within the discourse to project social identities that have been problematized due to social constraints. Throughout this essay, I will focus on sexuality, as this type of social identity has been depicted as a central theme in both texts. The characters from the texts work to, police and subvert their own sexual identities within their social milieu. à ¡Ã §To claim an identity as a homosexual is to claim a place in a system of social regulationà ¡Ã ¨ (Connell amp; Dowsett, 1992). I would firstly likeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ari states that his attraction is towards real men and masculinity, à ¡Ã § Every time I look at a gay man, even if I think heà ¡Ã ¦s attractive, I canà ¡Ã ¦t forget heà ¡Ã ¦s a faggot. I get off on real men, masculinityà ¡Ã ¨. In contrast, the character of Dil in The Crying Game, was portrayed as a transvestite. Dil is a man that functions in society as a woman. To encourage Dilà ¡Ã ¦s sexual identity as female, the film failed to reveal Dil as a transvestite until the latter half of the film, and lead the audience to believe the she was a woman. Sexual identities have been problematized due to social constraints. Deconstructionist theories have given motive as to why such sexual identities have been seen as à ¡Ã §problematicà ¡Ã ¨ in society. This theory governs the fact that heterosexuality is what is considered the social norm and any identities varying from this norm would be considered abnormal thus experiencing unjustness. Foucault debates that, à ¡Ã §the social bases of concepts of normality and deviance, to the pervasiveness of social control, and to the role of professions such as medicine in sustaining control over à ¡Ã ¥deviantsà ¡Ã ¦.à ¡Ã ¨ This is exemplified by Fuery amp; Mansfield by stating that in society we generalise, in a text, a characterà ¡Ã ¦s sexuality as heterosexual and if not, we would expect that this would become apparent in the narrative. (CulturalShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : Friends And Basketball1745 Words à |à 7 Pages we both had great grades, and we both were Juniors at Preston Heights. Claire told me about the schoolââ¬â¢s basketball team- they almost made it to state in the previous season. She told me how devastated they were at the end of the game. Everyone was crying and crying over how devastated and sad that they were. They were one win away from making it to state. Claire told me how they were planning on avenging their loss to make it to state the next season. She also said that the basketball team hadRead MoreI Learned A Valuable Lesson From Suffering An Accident864 Words à |à 4 Pagesstill went to play with my brother and his friends. That day my brother and his friends played a new game that I did not know. It was a game that consisted of two persons per group. My brother was mad at me because he told me not to play with them. Since the game required a partner I asked my brother to be my partner and he was not happy but he did not refuse. My brother told me the rules of the games and he instructed me to follow the rule so that we could win. So, I did what my brother told me butRead MoreEssay On 12 Ways Spoonies Cope With Chronic Illness979 Words à |à 4 Pagesstress through writing while showing others they are not alone. Crying It Out Crying may seem counterproductive in dealing with the stress of living with a chronic illness, but it provides more comfort than you might think. Unlike what we are taught in society, crying is not a sign of weakness or giving up, itââ¬â¢s a way to let out the pain, fear, frustration, and anger that has been building inside you for so long. Whatââ¬â¢s more, crying has been scientifically proven to help ease feelings of stressRead MoreA Day At School Today1213 Words à |à 5 Pages A moment later she asked the tall, large man, ââ¬Å"Are you Mr. Mckutchin?â⬠in her small elfin-like voice. A question to which he replied, ââ¬Å"People have called me that, yes.â⬠ââ¬Å"Did you have a bad day at school today, and maybe thatââ¬â¢s why you were crying?â⬠asked Mr. Mckutchin as he looked down upon her with thoughtful eyes. ââ¬Å"No,â⬠Erin said somberly. ââ¬Å"Are you going to lock me up in your basement until I m big and fat, and then eat me, and then feed my bones to your dog?â⬠asked Erin in aRead MoreMy Dad s Blood Alcohol Concentration Essay938 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe end of her bed, folding clothes. My dad, dirty from his construction job, had begun to change his clothes. Trying to lighten his mood, my mom jokingly took some of his change and tried to start ââ¬Å"a game of tagâ⬠per se. My dadââ¬â¢s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) was too high to focus on a petty game like this, it just pissed him off. You could see the alcoholic rage in his eyes, as my mom ran down the stairs with his change and keys. My older sister Susie, my younger brother Jacob, and I were pushedRead MoreThe Death Of An Ice Age Essay880 Words à |à 4 Pages I was no longer afraid of these monsters in my imagination as I now have a real one to face. After crying for an ice age, I eventually was released. My newfound freedom bought with a newfound fear. Upon release, my brother acted as though nothing had happened, as though I was not just treated like a dirty dish towel. This miniscule moment seemed to be nothing more than an everyday occurrence. The lack of sympathy from my brother burned into me. I began to feel completely and utterly alone as I sitRead MoreExplain the Difference Between Sequence of Development and Rate of Development and Why the Difference Is Important.1465 Words à |à 6 Pagespushing it along with feet * Turning pages in books and pointing out objects | | Three years | * Able to walk up stairs on alternate feet * Able to use toilet | | Four years | * Riding on tricycles, climbing and enjoying simple ball games * Skilful use of hands to do activities such as threading, pouring and using scissors | | Five to six years | * Ability to kick and control a ball * More legible handwriting and increased fine manipulative movements | | Seven to nineRead MoreBehavior Intervention Plan For Student s Identifying Information957 Words à |à 4 Pages can become an active participant when he is engaging in the class, his learning process is more about hands-on experiences, he performs well when he has the opportunity to interact with both between teacher and his classmates, for example in games, he also enjoys the art class and he likes to express himself through his drawings. He seems excited when he is praised by the teacher. III. Behavioral goals: According to the FBA the behavioral goals are: N.E will follow directions for independentRead MoreEssay on Basketball723 Words à |à 3 Pageschild, I loved watching basketball games. I remember when I was around six years old, there was a game on the t.v taking place at OAKA in Greece, and my favorite team AEK was playing against PANATHINAIKOS. The game was going to start at ten oclock and my dad didnt want me to stay awake to watch it. I started crying as always- when I wanted something I was doing that -and my dad couldnt see me crying so he agreed and said that we were going to watch the game together. I was so happy about thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1247 Words à |à 5 Pagesleft and never came back. Carrie had a normal life she had a mom and dad who loved her and also a baby sister. More months went by and Carrie lost all her confidence due to Alisonââ¬â¢s bullying. One day she walks into the bathroom and hears someone crying in one of the stalls. Carrie asked ââ¬Å"Can you come out?â⬠All of a sudden the stall opens up and Alison comes out sobbing. ââ¬Å"Are you ok?â⬠asked Carrie. ââ¬Å"Noâ⬠answered Alison. ââ¬Å"Why, whatââ¬â¢s wrong? You can tell me.â⬠ââ¬Å"Wellâ⬠Alison started ââ¬Å"I only have one
Monday, December 9, 2019
Macro Economics Essay Sample free essay sample
1. Will increases in authorities disbursement financed by borrowing aid advance a strong recovery from a terrible recession. Why or why non? 2. Does financial policy have a strong impact on aggregative demand? Did the displacement of the federal budget from shortage to surplus during the 1990s weaken aggregative demand? Did the authorities disbursement additions and big budget shortages of 2008ââ¬â2011 strengthen aggregative demand? Discuss. 3. What is the current rate of unemployment? ( See bls. gov and province the month you are reporting. ) How quickly has GDP grown during the past 3 old ages? ( See bea. gov and province the one-year growing rate for each year. ) What do these figures indicate about the cogency of the Keynesian position? 4. Are alterations in discretional and financial policy probably to be instituted in a mode that will cut down the ups and downs of the concern rhythm? Why or why non? This assignment is due by 11:59 p. m. ( ET ) on Monday of Module/Week 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Macro Economics Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Answer No. 1In instance of fiscal recession. there is a deficit of financess in the state. The people populating in the state do non hold adequate money and authorities is besides non able to supply adequate subsidies to them. One of the ways to avoid the recessive conditions and guarantee better support to the economic system is borrowing money from abroad. Borrowing of financess from other states might work out the job of the economic system in the short tally but. in the long tally. the financial shortage for the state will increase. This will once more set the economic status of the state at interest. In this manner. adoption from abroad is non a proper method of coming out of recession. Answer No. 2 The financial policy in a peculiar state does do influence on the aggregative demand in the state. For illustration if the authorities increases the degree of responsibilities on coffin nails and baccy so. there is likeliness that demand of the merchandise will diminish due to increase in the monetary values thanks to lifting responsibilities and revenue enhancements ( Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey. n. d. ) . During the old ages of 1990s. there was a displacement in the economic system from shortage to surplus. When the economic system moved into financial excess so. itââ¬â¢s disbursement towards the state declined to a certain degree. Due to the diminution. the degree of subsidies had reduced and demand of merchandises besides decreases. With the addition in authorities disbursement aggregative demand does increase but. it is non ever the instance when. there is financial shortage in the state. Answer No. 3 In the state of the United States of America. the current rate of unemployment is 8. 2 % . This rate is for the month of June in the twelvemonth 2012. In twelvemonth 2010. the growing rate of GDP was at the degree of 4. 2 % . In twelvemonth 2011. it reduced to the degree of 1. 6 % . In the first one-fourth of 2012. the growing rate of gross domestic production is at the degree of 1. 9 % . These figures indicate that. economic system of the United States of America is non stable at the current clip and still a batch of work is required to be done to convey the state to stableness. This matches the position of Keynesian. Answer No. 4 Though the authorities tries to guarantee that. alterations in discretional and financial policies are made in such a mode that. there is a decrease in the ups and downs of the concern rhythm. But. the economic system of the United States of America does non work in isolation. There are assorted states with which. it has its linkage ( United States GDP Growth Rate. n. d. ) . Therefore. at certain times. troublesome economic conditions in other states besides impact the United States of America to a certain degree. Mentions United States GDP Growth Rate. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved February 9. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tradingeconomics. com/united-states/gdp-growth Labor ForceStatisticss from the Current Population Survey. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved February 10. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //data. bls. gov/timeseries/LNS14000000
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Tess Of D`Urbervilles Essays - Lost Films, Determinism
Tess Of D`Urbervilles If written today, Tess of the d'urbervilles by Thomas Hardy may have been called Just Call Me Job or Tess: Victim of Fate. Throughout this often bleak novel, the reader is forced by Tess's circumstance to sympathize with the heroine (for lack of a better term) as life deals her blow after horrifying blow. One of the reasons that the reader is able to do so may be the fatalistic approach Hardy has taken with the life of the main character. Hardy writes Tess as a victim of Fate. This allows the reader to not blame her for the things that happen around her. Much of the critical debate surrounding Tess centers around this very point: Is Tess a victim? Are the things that happen to Tess beyond her control or could she have fought her way out of her circumstances? Better yet, could Hardy have written her out of her troubles or did his fatalistic approach to the novel force him to ultimately sacrifice poor Tess? Further, Is Hardy's approach to the novel and its main character truly fatalistic? In this essay, I will explore these questions and the doctrine of Fatalism as it applies to Tess. Fatalism is defined in Websters Dictionary as "the doctrine that all things take place by inevitable necessity" (175). Fatalism is the idea that all actions are controlled by Fate, a primitive force that exists independent of human wills and outside of the controls of power of a supreme being such as God because God ultimately has no power; he is a creation of man who granted Him His power. Since He doesn't truly possess those powers, he is left without the ability to alter circumstances. In short, if one subscribes to this doctrine, you believe that Fate controls how things happen and God can do nothing to save you, even Tess. Overall, Tess seems to go through life experiencing one negative event after another. Fateful incidents, overheard conversations and undelivered letters work against her ability to control the path her life takes. Tess's future seems locked up from the beginning of the novel. As the story opens, we first meet her father and learn of Tess's ancestry: "Durbeyfield...are the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d'Urbervilles...that renowned knight who came from Normandy...if knighthood were hereditary, like a baronetcy...[John] would be Sir John" (4). Somehow the reader knows almost immediately that this knowledge isn't necessarily going to save the poor clan, especially once we learn of the Fate of Tess's ancestors: "Where do we d'Urbervilles live?" asks "Sir" John to the parson who responds, "You don't live anywhere. You are extinct" (5). If one believes in the concept of natural selection, they probably realize rather quickly that this isn't the best family from which to descend. Tess seems to sense her doomed state. This is evidenced in her identification with the d'Urberville clan. Examples of this are her ability to see or hear the d'Urberville Coach and her realization of her resemblance to the d'Urberville woman of the farmhouse at Wellbridge: "[Tess's] fine features were unquestionably traceable in these exaggerated forms" (277). These eerie events suggest that the fated d'Urberville blood undoubtedly flows through her veins. Another example of Tess's awareness of being ill fated is when she meets Alec. Tess laments about her fate: "Had she perceived this meeting's import she might have asked why she was doomed to be seen and converted that day by the wrong man, and not by some other man, the right and desired one in all respects (75). She may not have known what to call it, but she definitely applies the doctrine of Fatalism to herself which according to author Leonard Doob is a telltale sign of a person who feels fated: "When the principal is judging himself [in this case, herself] and believes that fate is affecting him, his perception is usually direct: he introspects, thinks, or meditates. But he may respond indirectly when someone else, an observer,, gives him information about himself...Fatalism by a principal, therefore, is a pessimistic inevitability doctrine applied by him about himself to himself" (7). If Tess didn't start life feeling as though Fate was working against her, there are plenty of incidents which could easily convince her: the death of the family horse because of her negligence, the letter of confession that slipped beneath the carpet and caused her to enter into marriage as a deception, the death of her father, and the return of Angel just too late. Incident after
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Reconstruction of the United States after the Civil War essays
Reconstruction of the United States after the Civil War essays The Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 freed African Americans in rebel states, and after the Civil War, the Thirteenth Amendment emancipated all U.S. slaves wherever they were. As a result of this free African Americans faced the problem of hostile whites around them preventing them to prosper. Despite the defeat of the Confederacy the nation was still unprepared to deal with the question of full citizenship for its newly freed black population. The Reconstruction was the time after the Civil War (1865-1877) when the United States was reorganizing the southern states and providing the means to accepting them back to the Union. Also to define how whites and blacks could live together, peacefully. These two major problems were placed on the weight of the soldiers of Andrew Johnson. Johnson became president after Abraham Lincoln. He was born in to a poor family, so he taught himself how to read and married a wife who taught him how to write. Before his presidency, he was the only senator from a confederate state to remain loyal to the Union. He hated wealthy slave owners. Before Abraham Lincolns assassination, he made it clear that he wanted a lenient Reconstruction plan. In December 1863, he announced his Proclamation of Amnesty which is also known as the Ten-Percent Plan. Lincoln's Reconstruction plan was designed to make an easy, peaceful reentry of the former Confederate states into the Union. Lincoln's policy was to forgive the South, rather than to punish them. Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan allowed the former Confederate states to rejoin the Union when ten percent of the voters declared their loyalty to the Union. Lincoln's plan would let white southerners control the reconstruction process. Under this plan, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia came back to the Union. Lincoln wanted to let plantation owners keep their property, rather than divide up plantation property and give the land to former slaves. Lincoln's p...
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Audre Lorde, Black Lesbian Feminist Poet
Audre Lorde, Black Lesbian Feminist Poet Audre Lorde Facts Known for:à poetry, activism. While some of her poetry is known for being romantic or erotic, sheââ¬â¢s better known for her more political and angry poetry, especially around racial and sexual oppression. She identified through most of her career as a black lesbian feminist. Occupation:à writer, poet, educatorDates:à February 18, 1934 ââ¬â November 17, 1992Also known as: Audre Geraldine Lorde, Gamba Adisa (adopted name, meaning Warrior ââ¬â She Who Makes Her Meaning Known) Background, Family: Mother: Linda Gertrude Belmar LordeFather: Frederic Byron Husband: Edwin Ashley Rollins (married March 31, 1962, divorced 1970; attorney) Children: Elizabeth, Jonathan Partner: Frances Clayton ( - 1989)Partner: Gloria Joseph (1989 ââ¬â 1992) Education: Catholic schools, Hunter High School (New York City)Hunter College, B.A., 1960.à Library Science.National University of Mexico, 1954.Columbia University, M.L.S., 1962. Library Science. Religion: Quaker Organizations: Harlem Writers Guild, American Association of University Professors, Sisterhood in Support of Sisters in South Africa Audre Lorde Biography: Audre Lordeââ¬â¢s parents were from the West Indies: her father from Barbados and her mother from Grenada.à Lorde grew up in New York City, and began writing poetry in her teen years. The first publication to publish one of her poems was Seventeen magazine. She traveled and worked for several years after graduating from high school, then came back to New York and studied at Hunter College and Columbia University. She worked in Mount Vernon, New York, after graduating from Columbia University, moving on to become a librarian in New York City.à Then she began an educational career, first as a lecturer (City College, New York City; Herbert H. Lehman College, Bronx), then associate professor (John Jay College of Criminal Justice), then finally professor at Hunter College, 1987 ââ¬â 1992.à She served as visiting professor and lecturer around the United States and the world. She was aware early of her bisexuality, but by her own description confused about her sexual identity, given the times. Lorde married an attorney, Edwin Rollins, and had two children before they divorced in 1970. Her later partners were women. She published her first book of poems in 1968. Her second one, published in 1970, includes explicit references to love and an erotic relationship between two women.à Her later work became more political, dealing with racism, sexism, homophobia and poverty. She also wrote about violence in other countries, including Central America and South Africa. One of her more popular collections was Coal, published in 1976. She characterized her poems as expressing her ââ¬Å"duty to speak the truth as I see itâ⬠including ââ¬Å"not just the things that felt good, but the pain, the intense, often unmitigating pain.â⬠à She celebrated differences among people. When Lorde was diagnosed with breast cancer, she wrote about her feelings and experience in journals which were published as The Cancer Journals in 1980. Two years later she published a novel, Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, which she described as ââ¬Å"biomythographyâ⬠and which reflects her own life. She founded Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press in 1980s with Barbara Smith. She also founded an organization to support black women in South Africa during the time of apartheid. In 1984, Lorde was diagnosed with liver cancer. She chose to ignore the advice of American physicians, and instead sought experimental treatment in Europe. She also moved to St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands, but continued to travel to New York and elsewhere to lecture, publish and engage in activism. After Hurricane Hugo left St. Croix with devastating damage, she used her fame in mainland cities to raise funds for relief. Audre Lorde won many awards for her writing, and was named New York State Poet Laureate in 1992. Audre Lorde died of liver cancer in 1992 in St. Croix. Books by Audre Lorde The First Cities.à Introduction by Diane di Prima. Poets Press. 1968.Cables to Rage.à Broadside Press. 1970.From a Land Where Other People Live.à Broadside Press. 1973.The New York Head Shop and Museum.à Broadside Press. 1974.Coal.à Norton. 1976.Between Our Selves.à Eidolon. 1976.The Black Unicorn.à Norton. 1978.The Cancer Journals. Spinsters Ink. 1980.Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. Crossing Press. 1982.Chosen Poems Old and New.à Norton. 1982.Sister Outsider. Crossing Press. 1984.Our Dead behind Us.à Norton. 1986.A Burst of Light.à Firebrand Books. 1988.Need: A Chorale for Black Women Voices.à Women of Color Press. 1990.Undersong: Chosen Poems Old and New.à Norton. 1992.The Marvelous Arithmetics of Distance.à Norton. 1993.The Collected Poems ofà Audre Lorde.à Norton. 1997.
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